- They are produced by the negative electrode, or cathode, in an evacuated tube, and travel towards the anode.
- They travel in straight lines from the negative pole (cathode).
- They produce fluorescence in the glass walls of the discharge tube.
- They cast shadows if some target is placed in their path.
- They can produce mechanical motion, e.g., they cause a light pedal wheel placed in their path to rotate.
- They possess heating effect and can heat thin metal filaments to incandescence.
- They are deflected from their rectilinear path by electrostatic and magnetic fields and behave in the manner of a stream of negatively charged particles.
- They can impart negative charge to objects in their paths.
- They can cause ionization in gases.
Maths
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